Historical Context and Background

The Liverpool Corporation house, a notable example of early 20th-century British housing, emerged in the 1920s as part of a broader initiative to address the housing shortage post-World War I. The Liverpool Corporation, a municipal body, spearheaded the construction of these homes to provide affordable and quality housing for the working class. These properties are predominantly found in Liverpool and its surrounding areas, reflecting the city’s industrial heritage and commitment to improving living conditions for its residents.

Design and Construction

Architectural Characteristics

Liverpool Corporation houses are typically two-storey semi-detached homes. They feature a medium pitch hipped roof covered with slates, which is a distinctive characteristic of this property type. The external walls are rendered throughout, providing a uniform and aesthetically pleasing appearance. These homes were designed to be both functional and durable, catering to the needs of families during that era.

Construction Materials and Techniques

The construction of Liverpool Corporation houses involved the use of steel frames, a relatively innovative approach at the time. This method provided structural integrity and allowed for quicker construction compared to traditional brick-and-mortar techniques. The steel frames were clad with rendered external walls, offering both insulation and protection from the elements.

Roof

The medium pitch hipped roof, covered with slates, is a defining feature of these homes. This design not only adds to the aesthetic appeal but also ensures effective water drainage, reducing the risk of water ingress and associated damage.

Walls

The external walls of Liverpool Corporation houses are rendered throughout. This rendering provides a protective layer against weather conditions and enhances the thermal efficiency of the property. The use of steel frames within the walls adds to the structural stability, making these homes robust and long-lasting.

Floors

The floors in these properties are typically constructed using timber joists, which are supported by the steel frame. This combination of materials ensures a solid and stable flooring system, capable of withstanding the daily wear and tear of family life.

Main Frame

The main frame of Liverpool Corporation houses is constructed from steel, providing a strong and durable skeleton for the property. This steel frame is a key feature that distinguishes these homes from other types of housing built during the same period.

Typical Hazards and Risks

Structural Issues

One of the primary concerns with Liverpool Corporation houses is the potential for structural issues related to the steel frame. Over time, steel can corrode, especially if exposed to moisture. This corrosion can compromise the structural integrity of the property, leading to significant repair costs if not addressed promptly.

Damp and Moisture

Given the age of these properties, damp and moisture ingress can be common issues. The rendered external walls, while providing some protection, may develop cracks over time, allowing water to penetrate. This can lead to damp patches, mould growth, and potential damage to the internal structure.

Asbestos

Asbestos was commonly used in construction materials during the early 20th century. While it is not confirmed that Liverpool Corporation houses contain asbestos, it is a potential risk that should be considered. Asbestos can pose serious health risks if disturbed, so it is essential to have a thorough survey conducted to identify and manage any asbestos-containing materials.

Defective Premises Act and Classification

The Defective Premises Act 1972 imposes a duty on builders, developers, and landlords to ensure that properties are constructed and maintained to a reasonable standard. Liverpool Corporation houses, given their age and construction methods, may be classified as defective under this act if they exhibit significant structural issues or fail to meet modern safety standards.

Inspection and Assessment

Pre-Inspection Preparation

Before conducting an inspection of a Liverpool Corporation house, it is essential to gather as much information as possible about the property. This includes historical records, previous survey reports, and any known issues. Familiarising yourself with the typical characteristics and potential hazards of these homes will help you conduct a thorough and effective inspection.

External Inspection

Roof

Begin by inspecting the roof for any signs of damage or wear. Look for missing or broken slates, as well as any areas where the roof may be sagging or uneven. Check the condition of the gutters and downpipes, ensuring they are free from blockages and in good working order.

Walls

Examine the external walls for cracks or signs of rendering deterioration. Pay particular attention to areas around windows and doors, as these are common points of water ingress. Check for any signs of damp or mould growth on the external walls.

Internal Inspection

Floors

Inspect the floors for any signs of movement or instability. Look for uneven or sagging areas, which may indicate issues with the timber joists or steel frame. Check for any signs of damp or rot, particularly in areas close to external walls.

Walls and Ceilings

Examine the internal walls and ceilings for cracks, damp patches, or mould growth. Pay attention to any areas where the plaster may be crumbling or discoloured, as this could indicate underlying issues with the structure or moisture ingress.

Loft and Roof Space

Access the loft or roof space to inspect the condition of the roof from the inside. Look for any signs of water ingress, such as damp patches or mould growth. Check the condition of the roof timbers and insulation, ensuring there are no signs of rot or damage.

Common Defects and Maintenance Tips

Corrosion of Steel Frame

One of the most common defects in Liverpool Corporation houses is the corrosion of the steel frame. Regular inspections and maintenance are essential to identify and address any signs of corrosion early. If corrosion is detected, it is crucial to consult a structural engineer to assess the extent of the damage and recommend appropriate remedial measures.

Damp and Moisture Management

To manage damp and moisture issues, ensure that the external rendering is well-maintained and free from cracks. Regularly inspect and clean gutters and downpipes to prevent water from accumulating and penetrating the walls. Consider installing a damp-proof course if one is not already present, and ensure that the property is adequately ventilated to reduce condensation.

Asbestos Management

If asbestos is suspected or confirmed in the property, it is essential to engage a qualified asbestos surveyor to conduct a thorough assessment. Any asbestos-containing materials should be managed in accordance with current regulations, and removal should only be carried out by licensed professionals.

Enhancing Property Value

Modernisation and Upgrades

Modernising a Liverpool Corporation house can significantly enhance its value and appeal. Consider updating the kitchen and bathroom, as these are key areas that potential buyers focus on. Installing energy-efficient windows and improving insulation can also make the property more attractive and reduce ongoing energy costs.

Extensions and Conversions

Adding an extension or converting the loft space can provide additional living space and increase the property’s value. Ensure that any extensions or conversions are carried out in accordance with local planning regulations and building standards.

Regular Maintenance

Regular maintenance is essential to preserve the value and condition of a Liverpool Corporation house. This includes routine inspections, addressing any issues promptly, and keeping the property well-presented. A well-maintained home is more likely to attract buyers and achieve a higher sale price.

Conclusion

Liverpool Corporation houses are a significant part of the UK’s architectural heritage, offering unique characteristics and historical value. However, they also come with specific challenges and potential risks that buyers and investors need to be aware of. By understanding the typical construction methods, common defects, and maintenance requirements, you can make informed decisions and ensure the long-term value and safety of your investment.

At Flettons, we’re committed to safeguarding your investment. When considering a property purchase, trust our seasoned expertise to reveal any hidden threats. For a thorough building survey, get your instant quote through our quote calculator or reach out directly at 0203 691 0451. Your home’s safety is our top priority.