Understanding the McDonald House

The McDonald house, a distinctive architectural style, emerged in the UK during the late 1920s. Designed and manufactured by J McDonald (Contractors) Ltd, these properties are a testament to the innovative construction techniques of their time. Built between 1926 and 1928, approximately 1,000 of these homes were constructed, primarily as two-storey semi-detached houses. Known for their medium pitch hipped roofs covered with clay tiles or flat roofs with asphalt, these homes are easily identifiable by their rendered roughcast external walls and occasional bay windows.

Historical Context and Manufacturing

The McDonald house was a product of its era, reflecting the post-World War I housing boom in the UK. J McDonald (Contractors) Ltd, the manufacturer, played a pivotal role in addressing the housing shortage by introducing system-built properties. These homes were designed to be cost-effective and quick to construct, meeting the urgent demand for affordable housing.

Architectural Characteristics

The McDonald house is characterized by its platform frame construction, a method that involves storey-height timber frame panels overlaid with bituminous felt. These panels are separately clad with rendered brick and lined with fibreboard, providing a unique aesthetic and structural integrity. The external walls are supported by concrete strip footings and vented brick underbuilding, ensuring stability and durability.

Construction Details

• Substructure: The foundation consists of concrete strip footings with a vented brick underbuilding, providing a solid base for the structure.
• External Walls: The platform frame construction features storey-height timber frame panels, bituminous felt overlay, and a rendered brick cladding lined with fibreboard.
• Separating Wall: A 4 1/2″ brick wall lined with fibreboard separates the dwellings, ensuring privacy and sound insulation.
• Partitions: Internal partitions are made of timber stud lined with fibreboard, offering flexibility in interior design.
• Ground Floor: The ground floor comprises tongue and groove (T&G) boarding on timber joists, with concrete flooring in the kitchen for added durability.
• First Floor: Similar to the ground floor, the first floor features T&G boarding on timber joists.
• Ceilings: Ceilings are constructed with fibreboard, providing a smooth finish.
• Roof: The roof structure includes timber rafters and purlins, timber sarking, bituminous felt, and clay tiles, ensuring weather resistance and longevity.

Variants and Adaptations

Over time, some McDonald houses have undergone modifications to suit modern needs. Variants include the use of concrete block for the underbuilding, external wall outer leaf, and separating wall. Additionally, some homes feature flat roofs with timber sarking and asphalt, offering an alternative to the traditional clay tile roofing.

Potential Hazards and Risks

While the McDonald house offers unique architectural features, it is essential to be aware of potential hazards and risks associated with this property type. The use of timber frame construction, while innovative, can pose challenges related to moisture ingress and timber decay. Additionally, the bituminous felt overlay may deteriorate over time, leading to potential water penetration issues.

Defective Premises Act Considerations

The McDonald house is not classified as defective under the Defective Premises Act. However, it is crucial for prospective buyers and investors to conduct thorough inspections to identify any structural or maintenance issues that may require attention.

Inspection Tips for Surveyors

When inspecting a McDonald house, surveyors should focus on several key areas to ensure a comprehensive assessment:

1. Foundation and Substructure: Check for signs of settlement or movement in the concrete strip footings and vented brick underbuilding.
2. External Walls: Inspect the condition of the rendered brick cladding and bituminous felt overlay for signs of deterioration or moisture ingress.
3. Timber Frame: Examine the timber frame panels for any signs of decay or damage, particularly in areas prone to moisture exposure.
4. Roof Structure: Assess the condition of the timber rafters, purlins, and clay tiles or asphalt for any signs of wear or damage.
5. Internal Partitions and Ceilings: Check the condition of the timber stud partitions and fibreboard ceilings for any signs of damage or deterioration.
6. Flooring: Inspect the T&G boarding and timber joists for any signs of wear or structural issues, particularly in high-traffic areas like the kitchen.

Common Defects in McDonald Houses

Despite their historical significance, McDonald houses may exhibit common defects that require attention:

• Timber Decay: Due to the timber frame construction, these homes may be susceptible to timber decay, particularly in areas exposed to moisture.
• Moisture Ingress: The bituminous felt overlay may deteriorate over time, leading to potential water penetration issues.
• Roofing Issues: Clay tiles or asphalt roofing may require maintenance or replacement due to weathering and wear.
• Structural Movement: Settlement or movement in the foundation may lead to cracks or structural issues in the external walls.

Maintaining and Enhancing McDonald Houses

For homeowners and investors, maintaining and enhancing a McDonald house can preserve its historical charm while ensuring modern comfort and functionality. Here are some tips for maintaining and enhancing these properties:

1. Regular Inspections: Conduct regular inspections to identify and address any maintenance issues promptly. This includes checking for signs of timber decay, moisture ingress, and structural movement.

2. Roof Maintenance: Regularly inspect and maintain the roof to prevent water penetration and ensure longevity. This may involve replacing damaged clay tiles or asphalt and repairing any leaks.

3. Moisture Control: Implement measures to control moisture levels within the home, such as improving ventilation and addressing any sources of water ingress.

4. Timber Treatment: Treat timber frame components with appropriate preservatives to prevent decay and extend their lifespan.

5. Energy Efficiency Upgrades: Consider upgrading insulation and installing energy-efficient windows and doors to improve the home’s energy efficiency and reduce utility costs.

6. Modernization: While preserving the home’s historical features, consider modernizing the interior to meet contemporary living standards. This may include updating the kitchen and bathroom, as well as enhancing the overall layout and design.

Investment Potential of McDonald Houses

For investors, McDonald houses offer unique opportunities due to their historical significance and architectural charm. These properties can attract buyers and tenants seeking characterful homes with a sense of history. However, it is essential to consider the potential costs associated with maintenance and repairs when evaluating the investment potential of a McDonald house.

Conclusion

The McDonald house represents a fascinating chapter in the UK’s architectural history, offering unique design features and construction techniques. While these homes may present certain challenges related to maintenance and repairs, they also offer significant opportunities for homeowners and investors seeking characterful properties with historical significance. By understanding the key characteristics, potential hazards, and maintenance requirements of McDonald houses, buyers and investors can make informed decisions and maximize the value of their investment.

At Flettons, we’re committed to safeguarding your investment. When considering a property purchase, trust our seasoned expertise to reveal any hidden threats. For a thorough building survey, get your instant quote through our quote calculator or reach out directly at 0203 691 0451. Your home’s safety is our top priority.

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