Historical Context and Manufacturing

The Arcon Temporary Bungalow, often referred to as the Arcon Mk V or simply “Prefab,” is a notable example of post-World War II prefabricated housing in the UK. Manufactured by Taylor Woodrow (Arcon) Ltd and designed by Arcon, these bungalows were built in 1945 as a rapid solution to the housing crisis that followed the war. Approximately 40,000 units were constructed, primarily in urban and suburban areas where housing shortages were most acute.

These bungalows were part of a broader government initiative to provide quick, affordable housing to displaced families and returning soldiers. The Arcon Temporary Bungalow was one of several types of prefabricated homes built during this period, but it stands out due to its unique construction materials and design features.

Identification Characteristics

Identifying an Arcon Temporary Bungalow is relatively straightforward due to its distinctive features. These bungalows are typically detached, single-story structures with a shallow pitch gable roof covered in profiled asbestos cement sheets and a curved ridge. The external walls are also made of vertically profiled asbestos cement sheets, giving the bungalow a unique, ribbed appearance.

The gable apex is clad with vertically ribbed or fluted asbestos cement sheets, and the doors, windows, and surrounds are made of steel. An asbestos cement canopy often covers the doors, providing additional weather protection. These characteristics make the Arcon Temporary Bungalow easily recognizable among other post-war prefabricated homes.

Construction Details

Substructure

The substructure of the Arcon Temporary Bungalow consists of a concrete slab with a kerb thickened around the perimeter. This design provides a stable foundation for the structure and helps to prevent moisture ingress. A damp-proof course (DPC) is also included to further protect against rising damp.

Frame

The frame of the bungalow is constructed using a setting out jig around the perimeter, with 14 double RSA stanchions each forming a T-shape. These stanchions are connected by four RSA perimeter beams and RST ceiling support ties. The frame also includes RSA cladding rails, metal profiled eaves and gutter units, two RSA roof trusses, two tubular steel roof trusses, and tubular steel purlins. This robust steel frame provides the necessary structural support for the building.

External Walls

The external walls are made of double skin profiled asbestos cement sheets, creating a cavity that is infilled with woodwool insulation and lined with plasterboard on a timber frame. The gable apex is clad with ribbed asbestos cement sheets, adding to the bungalow’s distinctive appearance. This construction method provides good thermal insulation and weather resistance.

Partitions and Floors

Internal partitions are made of timber stud lined with plasterboard, providing a lightweight and flexible solution for dividing the internal space. The ground floor consists of tongue-and-groove (T&G) boarding on timber battens set in a concrete floor, offering a durable and stable surface. There is no first floor in these single-story bungalows.

Ceilings and Roof

The ceilings are lined with plasterboard, providing a smooth and clean finish. The roof is constructed using tubular steel purlins and corrugated asbestos cement sheets, which are both lightweight and durable. This design helps to keep the overall weight of the structure low while providing adequate weather protection.

Typical Hazards and Risks

Asbestos

One of the most significant hazards associated with the Arcon Temporary Bungalow is the extensive use of asbestos cement sheets in the construction. Asbestos was commonly used in building materials during the mid-20th century due to its fire-resistant and insulating properties. However, it is now known to be a serious health hazard, particularly when the material is disturbed and asbestos fibres become airborne.

When inspecting an Arcon Temporary Bungalow, it is crucial to check the condition of the asbestos cement sheets. If they are damaged or deteriorating, professional asbestos removal and remediation will be necessary to ensure the safety of the occupants.

Structural Integrity

While the steel frame of the Arcon Temporary Bungalow provides good structural support, it is essential to inspect for signs of corrosion or damage. Over time, exposure to moisture and the elements can cause rust and weaken the steel components. Regular maintenance and timely repairs are necessary to preserve the structural integrity of the building.

Insulation and Energy Efficiency

The original woodwool insulation used in the cavity walls of the Arcon Temporary Bungalow may no longer meet modern energy efficiency standards. Upgrading the insulation can improve the thermal performance of the building, reduce energy consumption, and enhance comfort for the occupants.

Defective Premises Act

The Arcon Temporary Bungalow is not classed as defective under the Defective Premises Act. However, due to the age of these properties and the materials used in their construction, they may require significant maintenance and upgrades to meet current building standards and regulations.

Inspection and Assessment Guide

External Inspection

1. Roof: Check the condition of the corrugated asbestos cement sheets and the curved ridge. Look for signs of damage, wear, or moss growth, which can indicate potential leaks or structural issues.
2. Walls: Inspect the vertically profiled asbestos cement sheets for cracks, damage, or signs of deterioration. Pay particular attention to the gable apex and the steel doors, windows, and surrounds.
3. Canopy: Examine the asbestos cement canopy over the doors for any signs of damage or wear. Ensure it is securely attached and providing adequate protection.

Internal Inspection

1. Frame: Inspect the steel frame for signs of corrosion or damage. Check the RSA stanchions, perimeter beams, ceiling support ties, cladding rails, roof trusses, and purlins.
2. Walls: Check the condition of the plasterboard lining and the woodwool insulation in the cavity walls. Look for signs of damp, mould, or deterioration.
3. Floors: Inspect the tongue-and-groove boarding and timber battens for signs of wear, damage, or moisture ingress. Ensure the concrete floor is in good condition and free from cracks or movement.
4. Ceilings: Check the plasterboard ceilings for any signs of damage, sagging, or water stains, which could indicate roof leaks or structural issues.

Additional Considerations

1. Asbestos Management: If asbestos-containing materials are present, ensure they are in good condition and not disturbed. If necessary, engage a professional asbestos removal and remediation service.
2. Energy Efficiency: Consider upgrading the insulation and installing modern energy-efficient windows and doors to improve the thermal performance of the building.
3. Structural Repairs: Address any signs of corrosion or damage to the steel frame promptly to maintain the structural integrity of the building.

Typical Defects and Maintenance

Common Defects

1. Asbestos Deterioration: Over time, asbestos cement sheets can become brittle and prone to cracking. Regular inspections and prompt repairs are essential to prevent asbestos fibres from becoming airborne.
2. Corrosion of Steel Frame: Exposure to moisture can cause rust and corrosion in the steel frame components. Regular maintenance and protective coatings can help to mitigate this risk.
3. Insulation Degradation: The original woodwool insulation may degrade over time, reducing its effectiveness. Upgrading to modern insulation materials can improve energy efficiency and comfort.
4. Moisture Ingress: Cracks or damage to the external walls, roof, or floor can allow moisture to enter the building, leading to damp and mould issues. Regular inspections and timely repairs are necessary to prevent moisture ingress.

Maintenance Tips

1. Regular Inspections: Conduct regular inspections of the roof, walls, frame, and internal components to identify and address any issues promptly.
2. Asbestos Management: Ensure that asbestos-containing materials are in good condition and not disturbed. If necessary, engage a professional asbestos removal and remediation service.
3. Protective Coatings: Apply protective coatings to the steel frame components to prevent rust and corrosion.
4. Insulation Upgrades: Consider upgrading the insulation to modern materials to improve energy efficiency and comfort.
5. Moisture Control: Address any signs of moisture ingress promptly to prevent damp and mould issues. Ensure that the DPC and other moisture barriers are in good condition.

Conclusion

The Arcon Temporary Bungalow is a unique and historically significant example of post-war prefabricated housing in the UK. While these bungalows were designed as temporary solutions, many have stood the test of time and continue to provide valuable housing today. However, due to the age of these properties and the materials used in their construction, they require careful inspection, maintenance, and upgrades to ensure their continued safety and comfort.

When considering the purchase of an Arcon Temporary Bungalow, it is essential to be aware of the potential hazards and risks associated with asbestos, structural integrity, and energy efficiency. Regular inspections and timely maintenance are crucial to preserving the condition of these properties and ensuring the safety of their occupants.

At Flettons, we’re committed to safeguarding your investment. When considering a property purchase, trust our seasoned expertise to reveal any hidden threats. For a thorough building survey, get your instant quote through our quote calculator or reach out directly at 0203 691 0451. Your home’s safety is our top priority.

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