Historical Context and Manufacturing Background

The Birmingham Corporation Type ST house, a post-war experimental property, stands as a testament to the innovative spirit of the mid-20th century. These houses were constructed in 1945, a period marked by a desperate need for rapid housing solutions following World War II. The Birmingham Corporation, in collaboration with Hills Patent Glazing Co. Ltd, spearheaded this initiative, resulting in the creation of 68 such properties. These houses are primarily located in Birmingham, a city that was significantly affected by wartime bombings and required swift reconstruction efforts.

The Birmingham Corporation Type ST house is also known by several alternative names, including Birmingham Corporation Postwar and Experimental. These names reflect the experimental nature of the construction techniques and materials used, which were relatively novel at the time.

Identifying Characteristics

Recognising a Birmingham Corporation Type ST house is relatively straightforward due to its distinctive architectural features. These properties are typically two-storey semi-detached or terraced houses. The medium pitch gable roof, covered with interlocking concrete tiles, is a prominent feature. The external walls are characterised by vertically profiled asbestos cement sheets up to the first-floor window head level, with flat asbestos cement sheets above. Asbestos cement flashing pieces are present at the ground and first-floor window head levels.

The door and window surrounds are made of pressed steel, adding to the industrial aesthetic of the property. A projecting brick plinth, capped with an asbestos cement sill piece, runs along the base of the house. Additionally, a profiled asbestos cement canopy, supported by tubular steel, is typically found over the front door.

Construction Details

Substructure

The substructure of the Birmingham Corporation Type ST house consists of concrete strip footings and brick-faced concrete underbuilding. A damp-proof course (DPC) is also present to prevent moisture ingress from the ground.

Frame

The structural frame is composed of 22 steel lattice stanchions, one single-storey prop stanchion, seven steel lattice floor joists, and one double RSA mock joist. RSA cladding rails and ties, seven lattice roof trusses, and one mock roof truss complete the frame layout. The protective coating used on the steel components is not known, which could be a point of concern for potential buyers and investors.

External Walls

The external walls are constructed using vertically profiled asbestos cement sheets up to the first-floor window head level, with flat asbestos cement sheets at the eaves and gable apex. The cavity walls are filled with light timber framing, infilled with wood wool, and lined with plasterboard. The separating wall between properties is a block cavity wall with timber-framed panels lined with plasterboard.

Partitions

Internal partitions are made of timber stud lined with plasterboard. This construction method provides a lightweight yet sturdy internal structure.

Floors

The ground floor is typically made of timber boarding or quarry tiles on breeze concrete. The first floor consists of timber boarding on timber bearers, arranged in panels.

Ceilings

The specific construction details of the ceilings are not known, which could be a point of concern during inspections.

Roof

The roof is constructed with timber battens and concrete tiles, providing a durable and weather-resistant covering.

Typical Hazards and Risks

Asbestos

One of the most significant hazards associated with the Birmingham Corporation Type ST house is the extensive use of asbestos cement sheets. Asbestos, a material once lauded for its fire-resistant properties, is now known to pose severe health risks. Inhalation of asbestos fibres can lead to serious respiratory conditions, including asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma. Therefore, any renovation or demolition work on these properties must be carried out with extreme caution and in compliance with current asbestos regulations.

Steel Frame Corrosion

The steel frame, while providing robust structural support, is susceptible to corrosion, especially if the protective coating is compromised or non-existent. Corrosion can weaken the structural integrity of the property, leading to potential safety hazards. Regular inspections and maintenance are crucial to identify and address any signs of corrosion early.

Damp and Moisture Ingress

The presence of a damp-proof course (DPC) is essential to prevent moisture ingress from the ground. However, over time, the effectiveness of the DPC can diminish, leading to damp issues within the property. Damp can cause structural damage, promote mould growth, and negatively impact indoor air quality.

Thermal Insulation

The original construction materials and methods used in the Birmingham Corporation Type ST house may not meet modern thermal insulation standards. Poor insulation can result in higher energy bills and reduced comfort levels for occupants. Upgrading the insulation can be a worthwhile investment to improve energy efficiency and comfort.

Defective Premises Act

The Birmingham Corporation Type ST house is not specifically listed as defective under the Defective Premises Act. However, the presence of asbestos and potential issues with the steel frame and damp-proof course warrant careful consideration. Buyers and investors should conduct thorough inspections and seek professional advice to ensure the property meets current safety and habitability standards.

Inspection and Assessment Guide

Pre-Inspection Preparation

Before conducting an inspection, gather all available information about the property, including historical records, previous inspection reports, and any known issues. Familiarise yourself with the typical characteristics and potential hazards associated with the Birmingham Corporation Type ST house.

External Inspection

Roof

Inspect the roof for any signs of damage or wear, such as missing or broken tiles, sagging, or water ingress. Pay particular attention to the condition of the timber battens and the overall structural integrity of the roof.

Walls

Examine the external walls for any signs of damage, such as cracks, bulging, or loose asbestos cement sheets. Check for any signs of corrosion on the steel frame, especially around the cladding rails and ties.

Windows and Doors

Inspect the pressed steel door and window surrounds for any signs of rust or damage. Ensure that the windows and doors are properly sealed to prevent drafts and moisture ingress.

Canopy

Check the condition of the asbestos cement canopy and tubular steel supports over the front door. Look for any signs of damage or deterioration.

Internal Inspection

Floors

Inspect the ground and first floors for any signs of damage, such as sagging, unevenness, or moisture ingress. Check the condition of the timber boarding and quarry tiles.

Walls and Partitions

Examine the internal walls and partitions for any signs of damage, such as cracks, bulging, or moisture ingress. Pay particular attention to the condition of the plasterboard lining.

Ceilings

Although the specific construction details of the ceilings are not known, inspect them for any signs of damage, such as cracks, sagging, or water stains.

Damp and Moisture

Use a moisture meter to check for any signs of damp or moisture ingress, especially around the base of the walls and near the damp-proof course. Look for any signs of mould or mildew, which can indicate ongoing moisture issues.

Asbestos

Given the extensive use of asbestos cement sheets in the construction of the Birmingham Corporation Type ST house, it is essential to conduct a thorough asbestos survey. Identify any areas where asbestos is present and assess its condition. If asbestos removal or encapsulation is required, ensure that it is carried out by a licensed professional in compliance with current regulations.

Steel Frame

Inspect the steel frame for any signs of corrosion or damage. Pay particular attention to the condition of the protective coating, if present. If corrosion is detected, seek professional advice on the appropriate remedial measures.

Typical Defects and Maintenance

Asbestos Degradation

Over time, asbestos cement sheets can degrade, leading to the release of hazardous asbestos fibres. Regular inspections and maintenance are essential to identify and address any signs of degradation. If asbestos removal is required, ensure that it is carried out by a licensed professional.

Corrosion of Steel Frame

Corrosion of the steel frame is a common issue in Birmingham Corporation Type ST houses. Regular inspections and maintenance are crucial to identify and address any signs of corrosion early. Protective coatings can be applied to prevent further corrosion.

Damp and Moisture Issues

Damp and moisture ingress can cause significant damage to the property and negatively impact indoor air quality. Regular inspections and maintenance of the damp-proof course and other moisture barriers are essential to prevent damp issues. If damp is detected, seek professional advice on the appropriate remedial measures.

Insulation Upgrades

Upgrading the insulation in the Birmingham Corporation Type ST house can improve energy efficiency and comfort levels for occupants. Consider installing modern insulation materials in the walls, floors, and roof to meet current thermal insulation standards.

Conclusion

The Birmingham Corporation Type ST house is a unique and historically significant property type that offers both opportunities and challenges for home buyers and investors. Understanding the typical characteristics, potential hazards, and maintenance requirements of these properties is essential to make informed decisions and ensure the long-term safety and habitability of the property.

At Flettons, we’re committed to safeguarding your investment. When considering a property purchase, trust our seasoned expertise to reveal any hidden threats. For a thorough building survey, get your instant quote through our quote calculator or reach out directly at 0203 691 0451. Your home’s safety is our top priority.

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