Understanding the Unicorn House

The Unicorn House, a unique architectural marvel, stands as a testament to mid-20th-century British innovation in residential construction. Designed by A E Hadley and manufactured by Cruden Houses Ltd, these properties were built in 1954. With only 15 ever constructed, they are a rare find in the UK property market. Known alternatively as Cruden or Cruden Unicorn, these homes are primarily located in select areas, making them a coveted choice for discerning buyers and investors.

Historical Context and Manufacturing

The Unicorn House emerged during a period of post-war reconstruction in the UK. The need for rapid housing solutions led to the development of system-built properties, which were designed to be efficient and cost-effective. Cruden Houses Ltd, a prominent name in the construction industry, took on the challenge of creating these homes. Their expertise in system-built properties is evident in the Unicorn House’s design and construction.

Architectural Characteristics

Unicorn Houses are two-storey terraced homes, characterized by their medium pitch gable roofs covered with concrete tiles. The external walls are either brick or rendered throughout, providing a robust and aesthetically pleasing exterior. These homes are easily identifiable by their distinctive design and construction features.

Construction Details

The construction of Unicorn Houses is a fascinating blend of traditional and innovative techniques. Here’s a detailed breakdown of their construction:

• Substructure: The homes are built on concrete strip footings with a vented brick underbuilding. A damp-proof course (DPC) is included to prevent moisture ingress.

• External Walls: The platform frame construction features storey-height timber frame panels reinforced with bands of plywood. These are overlaid with bituminous felt and separately clad with brick. The internal lining consists of hardboard overlaid with plasterboard, providing insulation and structural integrity.

• Separating Wall: A 10-inch block cavity wall separates the homes, with a 4-inch cavity in the roof space. This design ensures sound insulation and privacy between adjoining properties.

• Partitions: Internal partitions are made of timber stud lined with honeycomb plasterboard, offering flexibility in interior design.

• Ground Floor: The ground floor comprises tongue-and-groove (T&G) boarding on timber joists, providing a sturdy and durable base.

• First Floor: Similar to the ground floor, the first floor features T&G boarding on timber joists, supported by a laminated timber spine beam and a single-storey tubular steel stanchion.

• Ceilings: Plasterboard ceilings are used throughout the property, contributing to the home’s overall aesthetic and acoustic performance.

• Roof: The roof structure consists of timber rafters, fibreboard sarking, bituminous felt, and concrete tiles, ensuring durability and weather resistance.

Variants and Modifications

Over the years, some Unicorn Houses have undergone modifications to suit modern living standards. Common variants include:

• Concrete Ground Floor: Some homes have been upgraded with a concrete ground floor for enhanced durability.

• Foil-Backed Plasterboard Linings: This modification improves thermal insulation and energy efficiency.

• Rendered Brick Cladding: In some cases, the external walls have been clad with rendered brick throughout, offering a contemporary look.

Potential Hazards and Risks

While Unicorn Houses are renowned for their unique design, they are not without potential hazards and risks. As a prospective buyer or investor, it’s crucial to be aware of these issues:

• Timber Frame Deterioration: Over time, timber frames can be susceptible to rot and insect infestation. Regular inspections and maintenance are essential to prevent structural damage.

• Moisture Ingress: Despite the inclusion of a damp-proof course, moisture ingress can occur if the DPC is compromised. This can lead to dampness and mould growth, affecting the property’s structural integrity and indoor air quality.

• Roofing Issues: The concrete tiles and bituminous felt used in the roofing can deteriorate over time, leading to leaks and water damage. Regular roof inspections and maintenance are recommended.

• Defective Premises Act: It’s important to note that Unicorn Houses are not classified as defective under the Defective Premises Act. However, due diligence is necessary to ensure the property meets current building standards and regulations.

Inspection and Assessment Guide

For those considering purchasing a Unicorn House, a thorough inspection is crucial. Here are some key areas to focus on during the assessment:

• Timber Frame Condition: Inspect the timber frame for signs of rot, insect infestation, or structural damage. Pay close attention to areas where moisture ingress is likely.

• Damp-Proof Course: Check the DPC for any breaches or signs of moisture ingress. Ensure that the vented brick underbuilding is functioning correctly.

• Roof Integrity: Examine the roof for damaged or missing tiles, as well as any signs of water ingress. Ensure that the bituminous felt and fibreboard sarking are intact.

• Internal Partitions: Assess the condition of internal partitions, particularly the honeycomb plasterboard lining. Look for any signs of damage or deterioration.

• Flooring: Inspect the T&G boarding on both the ground and first floors for signs of wear or damage. Ensure that the timber joists and laminated spine beam are structurally sound.

• Ceilings: Check the plasterboard ceilings for cracks or signs of water damage. Ensure that they are securely fixed and in good condition.

Maintenance and Upkeep

Owning a Unicorn House requires regular maintenance to preserve its unique character and structural integrity. Here are some maintenance tips:

• Regular Inspections: Conduct regular inspections of the timber frame, roof, and DPC to identify and address any issues promptly.

• Moisture Control: Implement measures to control moisture levels within the property, such as proper ventilation and dehumidification.

• Roof Maintenance: Schedule regular roof maintenance to address any damaged tiles or felt. Consider upgrading to modern roofing materials for enhanced durability.

• Pest Control: Implement pest control measures to protect the timber frame from insect infestation.

• Energy Efficiency Upgrades: Consider upgrading insulation and installing energy-efficient windows and doors to improve the property’s energy performance.

Investment Potential

Despite their rarity, Unicorn Houses offer significant investment potential. Their unique design and historical significance make them attractive to niche buyers and investors. Here are some factors to consider:

• Rarity and Demand: With only 15 Unicorn Houses ever built, their rarity can drive demand and increase property value over time.

• Architectural Appeal: The distinctive design and construction of Unicorn Houses appeal to buyers seeking unique and characterful homes.

• Potential for Modernization: While maintaining their historical charm, Unicorn Houses offer opportunities for modernization and customization to suit contemporary living standards.

• Location: Consider the location of the Unicorn House, as properties in desirable areas tend to appreciate in value more rapidly.

Conclusion

The Unicorn House is a fascinating piece of British architectural history, offering a unique blend of traditional and innovative construction techniques. For home buyers and investors, these properties present both opportunities and challenges. By understanding their construction, potential hazards, and maintenance requirements, you can make an informed decision when considering a Unicorn House purchase.

At Flettons, we’re committed to safeguarding your investment. When considering a property purchase, trust our seasoned expertise to reveal any hidden threats. For a thorough building survey, get your instant quote through our quote calculator or reach out directly at 0203 691 0451. Your home’s safety is our top priority.

---