Historical Context and Manufacturing Background

The Hills Presweld house, a notable example of post-war British architecture, emerged in the 1940s as a response to the urgent need for housing. Manufactured by Hills (West Bromwich) Ltd and designed by Hills Patent Glazing Co. Ltd in collaboration with E.D. Hinchliffe, these properties were part of a broader initiative to address the housing shortage following World War II. Approximately 600 of these homes were constructed, primarily in urban and suburban areas across the UK.

Identifying Characteristics

Hills Presweld houses are typically two-storey semi-detached or terraced properties. They feature a steep pitch gable roof, which is often covered with interlocking tiles or PRC (Precast Reinforced Concrete) scalloped tiles. The external walls can vary, including brick, rendered block, roughcast no-fines concrete, or PC (Precast Concrete) panels. Some brick-clad houses also have tile hanging to the gable apex. Terraced versions of these homes often include ginnel access to the rear, providing a distinctive architectural feature.

Other identifying characteristics include PS (Precast Stone) door and window surrounds, as well as flat PC or pitched tile canopies over the front doors. These features not only contribute to the aesthetic appeal of the properties but also serve functional purposes.

Construction Details

Substructure

The substructure of Hills Presweld houses typically consists of a concrete trench fill incorporating a ground floor slab. This design provides a solid foundation, essential for the structural integrity of the property. A Damp Proof Course (DPC) is also included to prevent moisture from rising through the structure.

Frame

The main frame of these houses is constructed using 20 steel lattice stanchions, 6 steel lattice floor joists, and a double RSA (Rolled Steel Angle) mock joist. Additionally, there are 5 RSA perimeter ties, 6 steel lattice trusses, and an RSA mock truss. These components are either galvanised or coated with red oxide and black bituminous paint for protection against corrosion.

External Walls

The external walls are typically constructed using a brick and block cavity system, with blocks also used in the roof space. PS door and window surrounds are a common feature. Variants of the external walls include roughcast no-fines concrete, rendered no-fines concrete block, and PRC panels. Some properties also feature glass fibre insulation within the cavity and wood wool slab linings.

Separating Walls and Partitions

Separating walls are usually 9 inches thick, constructed from brick, with the same thickness of block used in the roof space. Internal partitions include a 9-inch brick single-storey spine wall, with the remainder being 2-inch block partitions.

Floors

The ground floor is typically concrete, while the first floor consists of timber boarding on battens. In some variants, the ground floor may also feature timber boarding on battens bedded in concrete.

Ceilings and Roof

Ceilings are generally plasterboard on battens. The roof is covered with bituminous felt, timber battens, and interlocking tiles. Some variants may have PRC scalloped tiles as the roof cover.

Typical Hazards and Risks

Structural Concerns

One of the primary concerns with Hills Presweld houses is the potential for superficial corrosion of the steel lattice stanchions, particularly at their bases. This corrosion can compromise the structural integrity of the property if not addressed promptly. Vertical cracking in the no-fines concrete external walling is another common issue, which can lead to water ingress and further structural damage.

Moisture and Insulation Issues

The presence of a DPC is crucial in preventing rising damp, but older properties may have compromised DPCs, leading to moisture issues. Additionally, the insulation materials used in these houses, such as glass fibre and wood wool slabs, may degrade over time, reducing their effectiveness and leading to higher energy costs.

External Wall Variants

Different variants of external walls, such as roughcast no-fines concrete and rendered no-fines concrete block, may have varying levels of durability and maintenance requirements. PRC panels, in particular, can be prone to cracking and other forms of deterioration, necessitating regular inspections and repairs.

Defective Premises Act Considerations

Hills Presweld houses are not typically classified as defective under the Defective Premises Act. However, the presence of structural issues such as corrosion of steel components and vertical cracking in the external walls can lead to significant repair costs. It is essential for potential buyers and investors to conduct thorough surveys to identify any existing or potential defects.

Inspection Tips for Surveyors

External Inspection

1. Roof: Check for missing or damaged tiles, particularly PRC scalloped tiles, which can be more prone to wear and tear. Inspect the bituminous felt for signs of deterioration.
2. Walls: Look for vertical cracks in the no-fines concrete external walling. Examine the condition of the brick and block cavity walls, paying attention to any signs of moisture ingress or deterioration.
3. Steel Components: Inspect the bases of steel lattice stanchions for signs of corrosion. Ensure that galvanised components are in sound condition.
4. Canopies and Surrounds: Check the condition of the flat PC or pitched tile canopies over the front doors, as well as the PS door and window surrounds.

Internal Inspection

1. Floors: Examine the ground floor concrete slab for any signs of cracking or movement. Check the timber boarding on the first floor for signs of wear or damage.
2. Ceilings: Inspect plasterboard ceilings for any signs of sagging or water damage.
3. Partitions: Check the condition of internal partitions, particularly the 9-inch brick single-storey spine wall and 2-inch block partitions.
4. Insulation: Assess the condition of insulation materials, such as glass fibre and wood wool slabs, to ensure they are still effective.

Common Defects and Maintenance Tips

Corrosion of Steel Components

Superficial corrosion of steel lattice stanchions is a common issue in Hills Presweld houses. Regular inspections and maintenance are essential to prevent this corrosion from compromising the structural integrity of the property. Applying protective coatings, such as galvanising or bituminous paint, can help mitigate this risk.

Vertical Cracking in External Walls

Vertical cracking in no-fines concrete external walling can lead to water ingress and further structural damage. It is crucial to address these cracks promptly by sealing them and applying appropriate waterproofing measures.

Moisture and Damp Issues

Ensuring the DPC is intact and functioning correctly is vital in preventing rising damp. Regular inspections and maintenance of the DPC can help mitigate moisture issues. Additionally, upgrading insulation materials can improve energy efficiency and reduce the risk of damp-related problems.

Roof Maintenance

Regular inspections of the roof are essential to identify and address any missing or damaged tiles. Ensuring the bituminous felt is in good condition can help prevent water ingress and prolong the lifespan of the roof.

Conclusion

Hills Presweld houses, with their distinctive architectural features and historical significance, offer unique opportunities for home buyers and investors. However, it is essential to be aware of the potential hazards and risks associated with these properties. Conducting thorough inspections and addressing any identified issues promptly can help ensure the longevity and safety of these homes.

At Flettons, we’re committed to safeguarding your investment. When considering a property purchase, trust our seasoned expertise to reveal any hidden threats. For a thorough building survey, get your instant quote through our quote calculator or reach out directly at 0203 691 0451. Your home’s safety is our top priority.

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