Historical Context and Manufacturing Background

The Kelvin House, a unique and rare property type, was manufactured in 1926. Only two of these semi-detached bungalows were ever built, making them a fascinating subject for property enthusiasts and investors alike. The designers and manufacturers of the Kelvin House remain somewhat of a mystery, adding to the allure and intrigue of these properties. Despite their limited number, the Kelvin Houses have left a lasting impression on the architectural landscape of the UK.

Typical Locations and Identification Characteristics

Kelvin Houses are typically found in suburban areas, where they were initially constructed to provide affordable housing solutions. These properties are easily identifiable by their shallow pitch hipped roofs covered with copper sheets, a distinctive feature that sets them apart from other bungalows of the era. The external walls are rendered with roughcast throughout, giving them a textured appearance. Steel windows with concrete sills further distinguish these homes, adding to their unique charm.

Construction Details

Substructure

The substructure of the Kelvin House consists of concrete pads below stanchions, providing a stable foundation. Additionally, a concrete strip foundation and vented underbuilding ensure proper ventilation and structural integrity.

Frame

The main frame of the Kelvin House is constructed using 16 RSA (Rolled Steel Angle) stanchions, 5 RSA floor support beams, RSA rafters, and RST (Rolled Steel Tee) ceiling ties. This steel framework provides robust support and durability, essential for the longevity of the property.

External Walls

The external walls are made of timber framing clad with roughcast render on mesh and lined with fibreboard. This combination of materials offers both strength and insulation, making the Kelvin House a comfortable living space.

Separating Wall and Partitions

The separating wall between the semi-detached bungalows is constructed using timber framing lined with fibreboard. Similarly, the internal partitions are made of timber stud lined with fibreboard, ensuring a consistent construction approach throughout the property.

Floors

The ground floor of the Kelvin House features timber boarding on timber joists, providing a sturdy and reliable surface. As these properties are bungalows, there is no first floor to consider.

Roof

The roof construction includes timber purlins on RSA clips, timber boarding, bituminous felt, and copper sheets. This combination of materials ensures a weather-resistant and durable roof, capable of withstanding the elements.

Typical Hazards and Risks

Structural Issues

One of the primary concerns with Kelvin Houses is the potential for structural issues due to the age and materials used in construction. The steel framework, while robust, may be susceptible to corrosion if not properly maintained. Regular inspections and maintenance are crucial to ensure the longevity of the property.

Asbestos

Given the period in which Kelvin Houses were built, there is a possibility that asbestos-containing materials were used in construction. Asbestos was commonly used for insulation and fireproofing during the early 20th century. It is essential to have a thorough asbestos survey conducted before purchasing or renovating a Kelvin House to mitigate any health risks.

Damp and Mould

The timber framing and fibreboard lining used in Kelvin Houses can be prone to damp and mould if not adequately ventilated and maintained. Regular inspections and prompt repairs of any leaks or water ingress are necessary to prevent these issues from escalating.

Defective Premises Act Considerations

The Kelvin House is not classed as defective under the Defective Premises Act. However, due to its age and unique construction, it is essential to conduct thorough inspections and assessments to ensure the property meets modern safety and habitability standards.

Inspection and Assessment Guide for Surveyors

Pre-Inspection Preparation

Before conducting an inspection of a Kelvin House, it is essential to gather all relevant historical and construction information. This includes reviewing guidance on the inspection and assessment of steel-framed houses, such as “Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and assessment (BR 113),” “Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87),” and “Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87).”

External Inspection

Roof

Inspect the copper sheets for signs of corrosion, damage, or loose fittings. Check the bituminous felt and timber boarding for any signs of wear or water ingress. Ensure the timber purlins and RSA clips are secure and free from damage.

Walls

Examine the roughcast render for cracks, damage, or signs of water penetration. Check the timber framing and mesh for any signs of rot or deterioration. Inspect the steel windows and concrete sills for corrosion, damage, or poor fitting.

Internal Inspection

Floors

Inspect the timber boarding and joists for signs of rot, damage, or wear. Check for any signs of damp or mould, particularly in areas with poor ventilation.

Walls and Partitions

Examine the fibreboard lining for signs of damage, damp, or mould. Check the timber framing for any signs of rot or deterioration. Ensure the separating wall between the semi-detached bungalows is structurally sound and free from damage.

Roof Space

Inspect the timber purlins, boarding, and bituminous felt for signs of wear, damage, or water ingress. Check the RSA rafters and RST ceiling ties for any signs of corrosion or structural issues.

Asbestos Survey

Given the potential presence of asbestos-containing materials, it is essential to conduct a thorough asbestos survey. This should include inspecting insulation, fireproofing materials, and any other areas where asbestos may have been used.

Typical Defects and Maintenance Tips

Corrosion of Steel Framework

One of the most common defects in Kelvin Houses is the corrosion of the steel framework. Regular inspections and maintenance are crucial to prevent this issue from escalating. If corrosion is detected, it is essential to address it promptly by cleaning and treating the affected areas with a suitable protective coating.

Timber Rot and Deterioration

The timber framing and fibreboard lining used in Kelvin Houses can be prone to rot and deterioration if not properly maintained. Regular inspections and prompt repairs of any leaks or water ingress are necessary to prevent these issues from escalating. Additionally, ensuring proper ventilation can help mitigate the risk of timber rot.

Damp and Mould

Damp and mould can be significant issues in Kelvin Houses, particularly in areas with poor ventilation. Regular inspections and prompt repairs of any leaks or water ingress are necessary to prevent these issues from escalating. Additionally, ensuring proper ventilation can help mitigate the risk of damp and mould.

Asbestos

As previously mentioned, the potential presence of asbestos-containing materials in Kelvin Houses is a significant concern. It is essential to have a thorough asbestos survey conducted before purchasing or renovating a Kelvin House to mitigate any health risks. If asbestos is detected, it is crucial to have it removed or encapsulated by a qualified professional.

Conclusion

The Kelvin House, with its unique construction and historical significance, offers a fascinating opportunity for home buyers and investors. While these properties come with their own set of challenges and potential hazards, thorough inspections and regular maintenance can help ensure their longevity and safety. By understanding the typical characteristics, construction details, and common defects of Kelvin Houses, you can make an informed decision when considering a property purchase.

At Flettons, we’re committed to safeguarding your investment. When considering a property purchase, trust our seasoned expertise to reveal any hidden threats. For a thorough building survey, get your instant quote through our quote calculator or reach out directly at 0203 691 0451. Your home’s safety is our top priority.