Overview of the Lightning Construction House

The Lightning Construction house, a product of the early 20th century, stands as a testament to the innovative spirit of its time. Built predominantly in the 1920s, these properties were designed and manufactured by the Lightning Constructions Co., a company renowned for its pioneering approach to system-built homes. These houses are typically found in urban and suburban areas across the UK, often forming part of larger housing estates developed to meet the post-World War I housing demand.

Historical Context and Manufacturer

The 1920s was a period marked by a significant housing shortage in the UK, prompting the government and private sector to explore new construction methods that could deliver homes quickly and efficiently. Lightning Constructions Co. emerged as a key player in this era, leveraging pre-fabricated reinforced concrete (PRC) technology to produce durable and affordable housing.

Typical Characteristics

Lightning Construction houses are easily identifiable by their distinct architectural features. These are typically two-storey terraced houses with steep pitch gable roofs covered with tiles. The external walls are rendered throughout, giving them a uniform and somewhat austere appearance. The use of PRC in the construction of these homes was a significant innovation at the time, aimed at reducing construction costs and time.

Common Hazards and Risks

While the use of PRC was revolutionary, it also introduced certain risks and hazards that modern buyers and investors need to be aware of. Over time, PRC can suffer from carbonation, leading to the corrosion of the steel reinforcement within the concrete. This can compromise the structural integrity of the building, making it essential for potential buyers to conduct thorough inspections and assessments.

Defective Premises Act

It is important to note that some Lightning Construction houses may be classified as defective under the Defective Premises Act. This classification can impact the value and insurability of the property, making it crucial for buyers to seek expert advice and conduct detailed surveys before making a purchase.

Construction Details

Understanding the construction details of Lightning Construction houses is vital for anyone considering purchasing or investing in one. Here, we delve into the specifics of their construction, from the foundation to the roof.

Substructure

The substructure of these houses typically consists of a concrete raft foundation, supported by concrete pads below the columns and a concrete slab. This robust foundation was designed to provide stability and support for the PRC frame.

Frame

The main frame of the house is constructed using storey-height PRC columns and PRC beams, connected with concrete joints. This frame provides the primary structural support for the building.

External Walls

The external walls are rendered and constructed using dense aggregate PC slabs measuring 9″ x 18″ x 2 1/2″. These slabs are separated by a 2″ cavity, which is then followed by another layer of 9″ x 18″ x 2 1/2″ clinker aggregate PC slabs. This construction method was intended to provide both insulation and structural integrity.

Separating Walls and Partitions

The separating walls between houses are built using storey-height PRC columns and 2 1/2″ clinker aggregate PC slab cavity walls. Internal partitions are also made from clinker aggregate PC slabs, ensuring consistency in the construction materials used throughout the house.

Floors

The ground floor is constructed using PRC slabs, while the first floor consists of 1′ 9″ PRC slabs supported by PRC beams. This method of construction provides a solid and durable flooring system.

Roof

The roof of a Lightning Construction house is typically made from 1′ 9″ PRC roof trusses covered with tiles. This steep pitch gable roof design not only adds to the aesthetic appeal of the house but also provides effective drainage and weather resistance.

Typical Defects and Inspection Tips

As with any property type, Lightning Construction houses have their own set of common defects and issues that buyers and investors should be aware of. Here, we outline some of the most typical defects and provide useful tips for inspecting these properties.

Common Defects

1. Carbonation and Corrosion: One of the most significant issues with PRC construction is carbonation, which can lead to the corrosion of the steel reinforcement within the concrete. This can weaken the structural integrity of the building and may require extensive repairs.

2. Cracking and Spalling: Over time, the concrete slabs and beams can develop cracks and spalling (flaking or chipping of the concrete surface). This can be caused by a variety of factors, including thermal expansion and contraction, moisture ingress, and freeze-thaw cycles.

3. Damp and Moisture Penetration: The cavity walls and concrete slabs can be susceptible to damp and moisture penetration, particularly if the rendering is damaged or deteriorated. This can lead to issues such as mould growth and internal dampness.

4. Roofing Issues: The tiled roofs of these houses can suffer from issues such as broken or missing tiles, leading to water ingress and potential damage to the roof structure.

Inspection Tips

1. Visual Inspection: Start with a thorough visual inspection of the exterior and interior of the property. Look for signs of cracking, spalling, and dampness. Pay particular attention to the condition of the rendering and the roof tiles.

2. Structural Assessment: Engage a qualified structural engineer to assess the condition of the PRC frame and concrete slabs. They can check for signs of carbonation and corrosion and provide recommendations for any necessary repairs.

3. Moisture Testing: Conduct moisture testing to identify any areas of dampness or moisture penetration. This can help to pinpoint potential issues with the cavity walls and concrete slabs.

4. Roof Inspection: Inspect the roof for any signs of damage or deterioration. Check for broken or missing tiles and assess the condition of the roof trusses.

5. Professional Survey: Given the potential issues with PRC construction, it is highly recommended to commission a full building survey from a qualified surveyor. They can provide a detailed report on the condition of the property and highlight any areas of concern.

Maintenance and Repair

Maintaining and repairing a Lightning Construction house requires a good understanding of the materials and construction methods used. Here, we provide some tips and advice on how to keep these properties in good condition.

Regular Maintenance

1. Rendering: Regularly inspect the rendering for any signs of damage or deterioration. Repair any cracks or holes promptly to prevent moisture ingress.

2. Roof: Keep the roof in good condition by replacing any broken or missing tiles and ensuring that the roof trusses are in good repair.

3. Gutters and Downpipes: Ensure that gutters and downpipes are kept clear of debris and are functioning properly to prevent water damage.

4. Ventilation: Ensure that the property is well-ventilated to prevent issues such as dampness and mould growth.

Repairs

1. Concrete Repairs: If carbonation and corrosion are identified, it may be necessary to carry out concrete repairs. This can involve removing the affected concrete, treating the steel reinforcement, and applying a suitable repair mortar.

2. Damp Proofing: If dampness is an issue, consider installing a damp proof course or applying a damp proof membrane to the affected areas.

3. Roof Repairs: Repair any damage to the roof promptly to prevent water ingress and further deterioration.

4. Structural Repairs: If significant structural issues are identified, it may be necessary to carry out more extensive repairs, such as reinforcing the PRC frame or replacing damaged concrete slabs.

Conclusion

The Lightning Construction house is a unique and historically significant property type that offers both opportunities and challenges for home buyers and investors. While these houses were built using innovative PRC technology, they can suffer from issues such as carbonation, corrosion, and dampness.

By understanding the construction details and common defects of these properties, and by conducting thorough inspections and maintenance, buyers can make informed decisions and ensure the long-term durability and value of their investment.

At Flettons, we’re committed to safeguarding your investment. When considering a property purchase, trust our seasoned expertise to reveal any hidden threats. For a thorough building survey, get your instant quote through our quote calculator or reach out directly at 0203 691 0451. Your home’s safety is our top priority.

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