Overview of the Maxim House

The Maxim House, a notable example of post-war British architecture, stands as a testament to the ingenuity and resourcefulness of its time. Manufactured by A A Stuart & Sons (Glasgow) Ltd, these properties were constructed between 1949 and 1954. With approximately 700 units built, the Maxim House is primarily found in semi-detached and terraced forms. This article delves into the intricate details of the Maxim House, providing valuable insights for home buyers and investors.

Historical Context and Manufacturer

Period of Construction

The Maxim House emerged in the post-World War II era, a period marked by a significant housing shortage in the UK. The government and private sector collaborated to address this crisis, leading to the development of various system-built properties. The Maxim House was one such solution, constructed between 1949 and 1954.

Manufacturer: A A Stuart & Sons (Glasgow) Ltd

A A Stuart & Sons (Glasgow) Ltd, a prominent construction company of the time, was responsible for the production of the Maxim House. Known for their expertise in reinforced concrete construction, the company played a crucial role in addressing the housing needs of the post-war population.

Typical Characteristics of the Maxim House

Architectural Features

The Maxim House is characterized by its two-storey semi-detached and terraced designs. These homes feature a medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles, providing a distinctive appearance. The external walls are rendered with Pyroc, a material known for its durability and fire-resistant properties. Other notable features include PC window sills and steel casement windows.

Construction Details

Substructure

The substructure of the Maxim House consists of concrete strip footings and a reinforced concrete (RC) cavity under-building. A concrete slab forms the base, with a damp-proof course (DPC) integrated to prevent moisture ingress.

External Walls

The external walls are constructed from dense RC cavity walls, measuring 10 1/2 inches in thickness. These walls feature a 3 1/2 inch cavity, reinforced with mild steel (MS) mesh and bars at strategic points, such as building corners and openings. Pyroc render provides an additional layer of protection and aesthetic appeal.

Separating Wall

The separating wall between adjoining properties is also made of dense RC cavity construction, ensuring sound insulation and structural integrity.

Partitions

On the ground floor, partitions are made of 3 1/2 inch dense concrete and timber stud lined with plasterboard. The first floor partitions are timber stud lined with plasterboard treated with Pyrok, enhancing fire resistance.

Floors

The ground floor comprises a sand/cement screed on concrete, while the first floor features timber boarding on timber joists, supported at mid-span by a PRC beam.

Ceilings

Ceilings are rendered plasterboard, providing a smooth and durable finish.

Roof

The roof structure includes timber rafters and purlins, covered with concrete tiles. This design ensures robustness and weather resistance.

Chimney

The chimney is reinforced with 1/2 inch MS bars at each corner above the first floor level, ensuring stability and durability.

Typical Hazards and Risks

Spalling of Concrete

One of the primary concerns with Maxim Houses is the spalling of concrete at external wall corners. This issue arises due to the corrosion of steel reinforcement within the concrete, leading to the expansion and cracking of the concrete surface.

Corrosion of Steel in Concrete

The corrosion of steel in concrete is a significant risk, particularly in older properties. This issue can compromise the structural integrity of the building, necessitating regular inspections and maintenance.

Carbonation of Concrete

Carbonation, a process where carbon dioxide penetrates the concrete and reacts with calcium hydroxide, can reduce the alkalinity of the concrete. This reduction in alkalinity can lead to the corrosion of steel reinforcement, further exacerbating structural issues.

Defective Premises Act Considerations

The Defective Premises Act 1972 imposes a duty on builders, developers, and landlords to ensure that properties are constructed and maintained to a reasonable standard. While the Maxim House is not explicitly classified as defective under this Act, the potential hazards and risks associated with its construction necessitate thorough inspections and maintenance.

Inspection and Assessment Guide

Visual Inspection

A visual inspection is the first step in assessing the condition of a Maxim House. Look for signs of spalling concrete, particularly at external wall corners. Check for cracks, discoloration, and other indications of concrete deterioration.

Structural Assessment

Engage a qualified surveyor to conduct a detailed structural assessment. This assessment should include an evaluation of the steel reinforcement within the concrete, checking for signs of corrosion and other structural issues.

Moisture Assessment

Moisture ingress can exacerbate the corrosion of steel reinforcement. Conduct a moisture assessment to identify any areas where water penetration may be occurring. Pay particular attention to the damp-proof course and other moisture barriers.

Carbonation Testing

Carbonation testing can help determine the extent of carbonation within the concrete. This test involves drilling small holes in the concrete and applying a phenolphthalein solution to the exposed surface. A change in color indicates the presence of carbonation.

Maintenance and Repair

Based on the findings of the inspection and assessment, develop a maintenance and repair plan. This plan should address any identified issues, such as spalling concrete, corrosion of steel reinforcement, and moisture ingress. Regular maintenance is essential to ensure the long-term durability and safety of the property.

Typical Defects and Their Remedies

Spalling Concrete

Identification

Spalling concrete is characterized by flaking or chipping of the concrete surface, often exposing the steel reinforcement beneath. This issue is most commonly observed at external wall corners.

Remedy

To address spalling concrete, remove the damaged concrete and clean the exposed steel reinforcement. Apply a corrosion inhibitor to the steel and repair the concrete using a suitable patching material. Ensure that the repaired area is properly cured to prevent future issues.

Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement

Identification

Corrosion of steel reinforcement can be identified by rust stains on the concrete surface, cracking, and spalling. A detailed structural assessment is necessary to determine the extent of the corrosion.

Remedy

Addressing corrosion involves removing the damaged concrete, cleaning the steel reinforcement, and applying a corrosion inhibitor. In severe cases, it may be necessary to replace the affected steel reinforcement. Repair the concrete using a suitable patching material and ensure proper curing.

Carbonation

Identification

Carbonation can be identified through carbonation testing, as described earlier. Look for signs of reduced alkalinity in the concrete, such as a change in color when phenolphthalein solution is applied.

Remedy

To address carbonation, remove the affected concrete and clean the steel reinforcement. Apply a corrosion inhibitor and repair the concrete using a suitable patching material. Consider applying a protective coating to the concrete surface to prevent future carbonation.

Moisture Ingress

Identification

Moisture ingress can be identified by damp patches, mold growth, and other signs of water penetration. Conduct a moisture assessment to determine the source of the ingress.

Remedy

Addressing moisture ingress involves identifying and repairing the source of the water penetration. This may include repairing the damp-proof course, sealing cracks, and improving drainage around the property. Ensure that the affected areas are properly dried and treated to prevent mold growth.

Variants of the Maxim House

While the standard Maxim House design is well-documented, there are some variants that potential buyers and investors should be aware of. One notable variant includes the use of composite Anderson timber joists on the first floor. This variation may affect the structural assessment and maintenance requirements of the property.

Conclusion

The Maxim House, with its distinctive architectural features and post-war construction techniques, offers a unique opportunity for home buyers and investors. However, it is essential to be aware of the potential hazards and risks associated with this property type. Regular inspections, thorough assessments, and proactive maintenance are crucial to ensuring the long-term durability and safety of a Maxim House.

At Flettons, we’re committed to safeguarding your investment. When considering a property purchase, trust our seasoned expertise to reveal any hidden threats. For a thorough building survey, get your instant quote through our quote calculator or reach out directly at 0203 691 0451. Your home’s safety is our top priority.

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