Historical Context and Origins

The Wakefield Special house, a notable example of system-built properties, emerged in the 1920s as part of the post-World War I housing boom in the UK. This period saw a significant demand for affordable and quickly constructed homes to accommodate the growing population and returning soldiers. The Wakefield Special was designed to meet these needs, offering a practical and efficient solution to the housing crisis of the time.

Manufacturer and Designer

The exact manufacturer of the Wakefield Special house remains somewhat elusive, as records from the 1920s are not always comprehensive. However, it is known that these houses were part of a broader movement towards system-built properties, which were often produced by various local authorities and private builders. The designer of the Wakefield Special house aimed to create a durable and cost-effective home that could be rapidly constructed using innovative building techniques of the era.

Typical Locations and Distribution

Wakefield Special houses are predominantly found in the northern regions of England, particularly in areas like Wakefield, Leeds, and surrounding towns. These locations were chosen due to the high demand for housing in industrial regions, where workers needed affordable and accessible homes. The number of Wakefield Special houses built is not precisely documented, but they were a common sight in many working-class neighbourhoods during the 1920s and 1930s.

Architectural and Structural Characteristics

Identification Characteristics

Wakefield Special houses are typically two-storey, semi-detached properties. They feature a medium pitch hipped roof covered with plain tiles, which is a distinctive characteristic. The external walls are rendered throughout, providing a uniform and somewhat austere appearance. Another identifying feature is the brick soldier course over the ground floor windows and doors, adding a touch of architectural detail to the otherwise simple design.

Construction Details

Substructure

The substructure of the Wakefield Special house is not well-documented, which is common for properties of this era. However, it is likely that traditional foundations were used, possibly with a concrete base to support the structure.

External Walls

The external walls are constructed from no-fines concrete, a type of concrete that lacks fine aggregates like sand. This material was chosen for its cost-effectiveness and ease of use. The walls are rendered throughout, providing a protective and aesthetically pleasing finish.

Separating Walls and Partitions

Details about the separating walls and internal partitions are not well-known. However, it is reasonable to assume that they were constructed using similar materials to the external walls, possibly with additional reinforcement to ensure structural integrity.

Floors

Information about the ground and first floors of the Wakefield Special house is not readily available. However, it is likely that traditional timber joists and floorboards were used, as was common practice during the 1920s.

Ceilings

The ceilings in Wakefield Special houses are also not well-documented. They were likely constructed using traditional lath and plaster techniques, which were standard at the time.

Roof

The roof of the Wakefield Special house is covered with plain tiles, which are durable and provide good weather resistance. The medium pitch hipped design helps to shed water effectively and adds to the overall aesthetic appeal of the property.

Typical Hazards and Risks

Structural Issues

One of the primary concerns with Wakefield Special houses is the potential for structural issues, particularly related to the no-fines concrete used in the external walls. Over time, this material can deteriorate, leading to cracks and potential structural weaknesses. It is essential to inspect these properties regularly to identify and address any signs of deterioration.

Damp and Moisture

Due to the age of these properties, damp and moisture ingress can be a significant issue. The rendered external walls can sometimes trap moisture, leading to damp problems inside the house. It is crucial to ensure that the rendering is well-maintained and that any signs of damp are addressed promptly.

Insulation and Energy Efficiency

Wakefield Special houses were built long before modern insulation standards were introduced. As a result, they can be quite energy-inefficient, leading to higher heating costs. Retrofitting insulation and upgrading windows and doors can help improve energy efficiency and reduce utility bills.

Asbestos

As with many properties built in the early 20th century, there is a risk of asbestos being present in Wakefield Special houses. Asbestos was commonly used in building materials for its fire-resistant properties. It is essential to have a professional survey conducted to identify and safely remove any asbestos-containing materials.

Defective Premises Act Considerations

The Defective Premises Act 1972 imposes a duty on builders, developers, and landlords to ensure that properties are constructed and maintained to a reasonable standard. While the Wakefield Special house is not specifically listed as defective under this act, it is essential to be aware of potential issues and ensure that any necessary repairs and maintenance are carried out to comply with the law.

Inspection Guide for Surveyors

External Inspection

Walls

• Check for cracks and signs of deterioration in the no-fines concrete.
• Inspect the rendering for any damage or areas where it may be trapping moisture.
• Look for signs of damp or mould on the external walls.

Roof

• Inspect the roof tiles for any damage or missing tiles.
• Check the condition of the roof structure, including the hipped design.
• Ensure that gutters and downpipes are clear and functioning correctly.

Internal Inspection

Walls and Partitions

• Look for signs of structural movement or cracks in the internal walls.
• Check for any signs of damp or moisture ingress, particularly around windows and doors.

Floors

• Inspect the condition of the timber joists and floorboards.
• Check for any signs of rot or damage, particularly in areas prone to moisture.

Ceilings

• Look for any signs of sagging or damage to the lath and plaster ceilings.
• Check for any signs of water damage or staining.

Asbestos

• Conduct a thorough survey to identify any asbestos-containing materials.
• Ensure that any asbestos is safely removed by a qualified professional.

Typical Defects and Maintenance Tips

Common Defects

Cracking and Structural Movement

Cracking in the no-fines concrete walls is a common issue with Wakefield Special houses. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including settlement, thermal movement, and general wear and tear. Regular inspections and prompt repairs are essential to prevent further damage.

Damp and Moisture Ingress

As mentioned earlier, damp and moisture ingress can be a significant issue. It is crucial to maintain the external rendering and ensure that any signs of damp are addressed promptly. Installing modern damp-proofing measures can also help mitigate this issue.

Insulation and Energy Efficiency

Improving the insulation and energy efficiency of Wakefield Special houses is essential for modern living. Consider retrofitting insulation in the walls, roof, and floors, and upgrading windows and doors to double or triple glazing.

Maintenance Tips

Regular Inspections

Conduct regular inspections of the property to identify and address any issues promptly. This includes checking the condition of the walls, roof, floors, and ceilings, as well as looking for signs of damp and moisture ingress.

Professional Surveys

Engage a professional surveyor to conduct a thorough survey of the property, particularly if you are considering purchasing a Wakefield Special house. This will help identify any potential issues and provide guidance on necessary repairs and maintenance.

Upgrading and Modernising

Consider upgrading and modernising the property to improve its energy efficiency and overall comfort. This can include installing modern insulation, upgrading windows and doors, and improving heating and ventilation systems.

Conclusion

The Wakefield Special house is a fascinating example of early 20th-century system-built properties. While these houses were designed to meet the urgent housing needs of the post-World War I era, they still offer a unique and affordable option for home buyers and investors today. However, it is essential to be aware of the potential issues and risks associated with these properties and to conduct thorough inspections and maintenance to ensure their longevity and safety.

At Flettons, we’re committed to safeguarding your investment. When considering a property purchase, trust our seasoned expertise to reveal any hidden threats. For a thorough building survey, get your instant quote through our quote calculator or reach out directly at 0203 691 0451. Your home’s safety is our top priority.

---