Historical Context and Origins

The War Office No-Fines house is a unique and historically significant type of property in the UK. Developed in 1953, these houses were a product of post-war innovation, designed to address the urgent need for housing in the aftermath of World War II. The Building Research Station and the War Office collaborated on this project, resulting in the construction of 20 such houses. These properties are primarily found in areas that experienced significant wartime damage and required rapid reconstruction.

Design and Construction

Manufacturer and Designer

The War Office No-Fines houses were designed by the Building Research Station in collaboration with the War Office. This partnership aimed to create a cost-effective and efficient housing solution using innovative construction techniques.

Period Built

These houses were constructed in 1953, a period marked by a housing shortage and the need for quick, affordable building solutions.

Number Built

Only 20 War Office No-Fines houses were built, making them relatively rare and unique in the UK’s housing landscape.

Alternative Names

These properties are also known as “No-Fines” houses, a name derived from the type of concrete used in their construction.

Identification Characteristics

Structural Features

War Office No-Fines houses are typically two-storey semi-detached properties. They feature a medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles and external walls that are rendered throughout. These characteristics make them easily identifiable among other post-war housing types.

External Walls

The external walls of these houses are constructed using 11-inch no-fines concrete, a type of concrete that lacks fine aggregates. This material was chosen for its cost-effectiveness and ease of use. The walls are rendered, providing a smooth and uniform appearance.

Roof

The roofs of War Office No-Fines houses are medium pitch gable roofs covered with concrete tiles. Timber rafters support the roof structure, ensuring durability and stability.

Typical Characteristics and Hazards

Construction Details

Substructure

The specific details of the substructure are not well-documented. However, it is likely that the foundations were designed to support the unique no-fines concrete walls.

External Walls

The external walls are a key feature of these houses. They are constructed using 11-inch no-fines concrete, which is rendered for a smooth finish. The walls also include coffered plaster panels with a bitumen coating, tied to temporary external shuttering by wire ties. Reinforced concrete (RC) ring beams are present at the first floor and eaves level, providing additional structural support.

Separating Wall

The separating wall between semi-detached units is also made of no-fines concrete, lined with coffered plaster panels. This design ensures both structural integrity and sound insulation between units.

Ground Floor

The ground floor is constructed using concrete, providing a solid and durable base for the house.

First Floor

The first floor consists of a reinforced concrete slab supported by T-section precast (PC) joists. This design offers strength and stability, essential for multi-storey buildings.

Ceilings

The ground floor ceilings are made of plaster panels, while the details of the first-floor ceilings are not well-documented.

Roof

The roof structure includes timber rafters and concrete tiles, providing a robust and weather-resistant covering.

Typical Hazards and Risks

Dampness

One of the common issues in War Office No-Fines houses is dampness, particularly in kitchens. This problem can arise due to inadequate ventilation and the properties of the no-fines concrete, which may not provide sufficient moisture resistance.

Cracked and Loose Internal Plaster Panels

Another typical issue is cracked and loose internal plaster panels. This problem can result from the natural settling of the building over time or from structural movement.

Defective Premises Act

Classification

War Office No-Fines houses are not classified as defective under the Defective Premises Act. However, potential buyers should be aware of the typical issues associated with these properties and consider a thorough survey before purchase.

Inspection Guide for Surveyors

Key Areas to Inspect

Dampness

When inspecting a War Office No-Fines house, surveyors should pay close attention to signs of dampness, particularly in the kitchen area. Look for visible signs of moisture, mould, or mildew, and check for any musty odours.

Internal Plaster Panels

Inspect the internal plaster panels for any signs of cracking or looseness. Pay particular attention to areas around windows and doors, as these are common points of stress.

External Walls

Examine the external walls for any signs of deterioration in the rendering or the no-fines concrete. Look for cracks, bulges, or areas where the rendering has come away from the wall.

Roof

Inspect the roof for any signs of damage or wear. Check the condition of the concrete tiles and timber rafters, and look for any signs of water ingress or damage to the roof structure.

Structural Integrity

Assess the overall structural integrity of the property. Look for any signs of movement or settling, such as cracks in the walls or floors, and check the condition of the RC ring beams.

Typical Defects and Maintenance

Common Defects

Dampness

As mentioned earlier, dampness is a common issue in War Office No-Fines houses. This problem can be addressed by improving ventilation, particularly in the kitchen and other moisture-prone areas.

Cracked and Loose Plaster Panels

Cracked and loose plaster panels can be repaired by re-securing or replacing the affected panels. It is important to address these issues promptly to prevent further damage.

External Wall Deterioration

Deterioration of the external walls can be addressed by repairing or replacing damaged rendering and ensuring that the no-fines concrete is in good condition. Regular maintenance and inspections can help prevent more serious issues from developing.

Maintenance Tips

Regular Inspections

Regular inspections are essential for maintaining the condition of a War Office No-Fines house. Schedule annual inspections to check for signs of dampness, structural movement, and other common issues.

Ventilation

Improving ventilation can help prevent dampness and mould growth. Consider installing extractor fans in the kitchen and bathroom, and ensure that windows can be opened to allow for adequate airflow.

Repairs

Promptly address any issues that arise, such as cracked plaster panels or damaged rendering. Timely repairs can prevent more serious problems and help maintain the value of the property.

Conclusion

War Office No-Fines houses are a unique and historically significant type of property in the UK. While they offer a number of benefits, including cost-effective construction and a distinctive design, they also come with certain challenges. Potential buyers should be aware of common issues such as dampness and cracked plaster panels and should consider a thorough survey before purchase. Regular maintenance and prompt repairs can help ensure that these properties remain in good condition and continue to provide a comfortable and safe living environment.

At Flettons, we’re committed to safeguarding your investment. When considering a property purchase, trust our seasoned expertise to reveal any hidden threats. For a thorough building survey, get your instant quote through our quote calculator or reach out directly at 0203 691 0451. Your home’s safety is our top priority.

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