Overview of the Stewart & Partners Type II House

The Stewart & Partners Type II house is a unique and rare property type that holds a significant place in the history of British architecture. Designed by Denis Poulton and manufactured by Stewart & Partners Ltd, these houses were constructed in the 1940s, a period marked by post-war reconstruction and innovation in building techniques. With only two of these houses ever built, they are a rare find and a fascinating subject for both home buyers and property investors.

Historical Context and Manufacturing Details

Period Built and Typical Locations

The Stewart & Partners Type II houses were constructed in the immediate post-World War II era, specifically in the 1940s. This period was characterized by a pressing need for rapid housing solutions due to the extensive destruction caused by the war. The government and private builders alike were experimenting with various construction methods to meet the housing demand quickly and efficiently.

These houses are typically found in suburban areas, where there was ample space for new developments. Given their rarity, locating one of these properties can be a challenge, but they are most likely to be found in regions that saw significant post-war development.

Manufacturers and Designers

The houses were manufactured by Stewart & Partners Ltd, a company known for its innovative approach to construction during the mid-20th century. The design was the brainchild of Denis Poulton, an architect who contributed significantly to the post-war housing boom. Poulton’s designs were known for their practicality and modernity, reflecting the needs and aspirations of the time.

Architectural Characteristics and Construction Details

Identification Characteristics

The Stewart & Partners Type II houses are easily identifiable by their distinct architectural features:

• Two-storey semi-detached structure: These houses are designed as semi-detached properties, providing a balance between privacy and community living.
• Flat roof covered with asphalt: The flat roof is a notable feature, covered with asphalt to provide durability and weather resistance.
• External walls of brick: The use of brick for external walls not only adds to the aesthetic appeal but also ensures structural integrity.
• Cantilevered canopy over the front door: This feature adds a touch of elegance and provides shelter from the elements.

Construction Details

Substructure

The specific details of the substructure are not well-documented. However, given the era and the construction practices of the time, it is likely that the substructure was designed to provide a stable foundation for the house.

External Walls

The external walls are constructed of brick, with a cavity filled with ‘loose material’. This design choice was likely made to improve insulation and reduce construction costs. The walls also feature storey-height room-length precast concrete (PC) panels and reinforced concrete (RC) columns, providing additional structural support.

Separating Wall and Partitions

The details of the separating wall and internal partitions are not known. However, it is reasonable to assume that they were designed to provide adequate sound insulation and structural integrity.

Ground and First Floors

• Ground Floor: The ground floor typically features quarry tiles or timber boarding on timber joists. This combination provides a durable and aesthetically pleasing surface.
• First Floor: The first floor is constructed with timber boarding, a common choice for its strength and ease of installation.

Ceilings

The specific details of the ceilings are not documented. However, they were likely designed to complement the overall structural integrity and aesthetic of the house.

Services

The houses feature rainwater, services, and waste pipes located in an internal duct. This design choice helps to protect the pipes from external damage and weather conditions.

Roof

The roof is constructed with precast concrete slabs and covered with asphalt. This combination provides a durable and weather-resistant surface, essential for the flat roof design.

Typical Hazards and Risks

Structural Concerns

One of the primary concerns with the Stewart & Partners Type II houses is the potential for structural issues, particularly related to the reinforced concrete elements. Over time, reinforced concrete can suffer from corrosion, leading to a weakening of the structure. It is essential to inspect these elements thoroughly to ensure their integrity.

Insulation and Energy Efficiency

The use of ‘loose material’ in the cavity walls may not provide adequate insulation by modern standards. This can lead to higher energy costs and reduced comfort levels. Upgrading the insulation can be a worthwhile investment to improve the property’s energy efficiency.

Roofing Issues

The flat roof design, while aesthetically pleasing, can be prone to water pooling and leaks if not properly maintained. Regular inspections and maintenance are crucial to prevent water damage and ensure the longevity of the roof.

Asbestos

Given the era of construction, there is a possibility that asbestos-containing materials were used in the building. Asbestos poses significant health risks if disturbed, so it is essential to have a professional survey conducted to identify and safely manage any asbestos present.

Defective Premises Act Considerations

The Stewart & Partners Type II houses are not specifically classified as defective under the Defective Premises Act. However, given their age and the potential for structural and material issues, it is crucial to conduct a thorough survey before purchasing. This will help identify any defects and ensure that the property meets modern safety and habitability standards.

Inspection Guide for Surveyors

Preliminary Assessment

Before conducting a detailed inspection, gather as much information as possible about the property. This includes historical records, previous survey reports, and any available maintenance records. Understanding the property’s history can provide valuable context for the inspection.

External Inspection

• Roof: Inspect the flat roof for signs of wear, pooling water, and potential leaks. Check the condition of the asphalt covering and the integrity of the precast concrete slabs.
• Walls: Examine the brickwork for signs of deterioration, cracks, and moisture ingress. Pay particular attention to the cavity walls and the condition of the ‘loose material’ insulation.
• Canopy: Inspect the cantilevered canopy over the front door for structural integrity and signs of wear.

Internal Inspection

• Floors: Check the condition of the ground and first floors. Look for signs of rot, warping, and structural weakness in the timber joists and boarding.
• Partitions and Separating Walls: Although specific details are not known, inspect any visible partitions and separating walls for structural integrity and sound insulation.
• Services: Examine the internal duct housing the rainwater, services, and waste pipes. Ensure that the pipes are in good condition and free from leaks or blockages.

Structural Elements

• Reinforced Concrete: Pay close attention to any reinforced concrete elements, such as columns and panels. Look for signs of corrosion, spalling, and structural weakness. Refer to relevant BRE guidance on the inspection and assessment of reinforced concrete durability.
• Carbonation Depths: Assess the carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete to determine the extent of any potential degradation.

Asbestos Survey

Given the potential presence of asbestos, conduct a thorough asbestos survey. Identify any asbestos-containing materials and ensure they are managed or removed safely by qualified professionals.

Typical Defects and Maintenance Tips

Common Defects

• Corrosion of Reinforced Concrete: Over time, the reinforced concrete elements may suffer from corrosion, leading to structural weakness. Regular inspections and timely repairs are essential to address this issue.
• Roof Leaks: The flat roof design can be prone to leaks if not properly maintained. Regular inspections and maintenance of the asphalt covering can help prevent water damage.
• Insulation Issues: The ‘loose material’ insulation in the cavity walls may not provide adequate thermal performance. Upgrading the insulation can improve energy efficiency and comfort levels.
• Asbestos: Asbestos-containing materials may be present in the property. Conduct a thorough asbestos survey and manage any identified materials safely.

Maintenance Tips

• Regular Inspections: Conduct regular inspections of the roof, walls, and structural elements to identify and address any issues promptly.
• Roof Maintenance: Ensure that the flat roof is well-maintained, with no pooling water or leaks. Consider applying a new layer of asphalt if the existing covering shows signs of wear.
• Insulation Upgrades: Upgrade the insulation in the cavity walls to improve energy efficiency and reduce heating costs.
• Asbestos Management: If asbestos is present, ensure that it is managed or removed safely by qualified professionals.

Conclusion

The Stewart & Partners Type II house is a unique and historically significant property type that offers both charm and challenges. Understanding the architectural characteristics, potential hazards, and maintenance requirements is essential for home buyers and investors. By conducting thorough inspections and addressing any identified issues, you can ensure that these rare properties remain safe, comfortable, and valuable investments.

At Flettons, we’re committed to safeguarding your investment. When considering a property purchase, trust our seasoned expertise to reveal any hidden threats. For a thorough building survey, get your instant quote through our quote calculator or reach out directly at 0203 691 0451. Your home’s safety is our top priority.

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